Recent research on Galleria mellonella as one from most important insect model organisms
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Mowlds P., Coates C., Renwick J., Kavanagh K. 2010. Microbes Infect. 12(2):146-153. Mukherjee K., Altincicek B., Hain T., Domann E., Vilcinskas A., Chakraborty T. 2010. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 76(1): 310-7. Osuna Paez A.G., Valdez Flores M.A., Valdez Ortiz A., Cárdenas Cota H.M. 2009a. Memorias del XXXII Congreso Nacional de Control Biológico. Villahermosa, Tabasco. Osuna Paez A.G., Valdez Flores M.A., Valdez Ortiz A., Cárdenas Cota H.M. 2009b. Memorias del XXXII Congreso Nacional de Control Biológico. Villahermosa, Tabasco. Půža V. and Mráček Z., 2009. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 2009. 102(1):40-3. Wojda I., Kowalski P., Jakubowicz T. 2009. J. Insect. Physiol. 55(6):525-31. Nematodes Gm is widely used to test the pathogenity of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) with potential application to biological pest control (Figure 2, left), newly also co-infections are studied. The EPN Steinernema affine and S. kraussei as single species, simultaneous or sequential were studied in laboratory in order to know its infective capacity in Gm; evaluating the levels of invasion, progeny production and the number of hosts producing nematode progeny (Půža and Mráček, 2009). They reported that the invasion level of S. affine was not affected by the mixed infection; whereas the invasion of the latter species was strongly reduced. S. affine out-competed S. kraussei in all treatments and the progeny production of the latter species occurred only sporadically. Generally, in the presence of the latter species, S. affine was able to infect and multiply in a higher number of hosts in comparison to single species infection, especially at a low inoculation rate. S. affine invaded and multiplied also in hosts already infected and even killed by S. kraussei producing a normal amount of progeny. Generally the results suggest that the interactions between steinernematid species can be more complex, including a positive effect of one species on another. Recent research on Galleria mellonella as one from most important insect model organisms
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